{"id":1859,"date":"2024-09-16T21:19:24","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T19:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asgru.com\/?p=1859"},"modified":"2026-09-14T02:16:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T00:16:33","slug":"taielik-juhend-full-rest-api-kohta-ajalugu-pohimotted-ja-erinevused","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asgru.com\/et\/taielik-juhend-full-rest-api-kohta-ajalugu-pohimotted-ja-erinevused\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e4ielik juhend Full REST API kohta: ajalugu, p\u00f5him\u00f5tted ja erinevused"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

REST API ajalugu ja kujunemine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

REST API ehk Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface tekkis 1990. aastate l\u00f5pus Roy Fieldingi t\u00f6\u00f6 tulemusena. Oma 2000. aasta doktoriv\u00e4itekirjas kirjeldas Fielding REST-i kui hajuss\u00fcsteemide loomiseks m\u00f5eldud arhitektuuristiili. Tema t\u00f6\u00f6 keskendus sellise arhitektuuri loomisele, mis v\u00f5imaldas s\u00fcsteemidel omavahel suhelda lihtsa ja universaalse protokolli \u2014 HTTP \u2014 kaudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REST saavutas populaarsuse t\u00e4nu oma lihtsusele ja koosk\u00f5lale internetistandarditega, erinevalt keerukamatest protokollidest, nagu SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol). Erinevalt REST-ist oli SOAP suunatud ettev\u00f5ttes\u00fcsteemidele ning keerukam, sest n\u00f5udis t\u00e4iendavaid spetsifikatsioone ja XML-i kasutamist peamise andmevahetusvorminguna. REST pakkus seevastu kergemat, universaalsemat ja ligip\u00e4\u00e4setavamat l\u00e4henemist, mist\u00f5ttu sobis see ideaalselt API-de kiireks arendamiseks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

REST API p\u00f5hiprintsiibid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

REST API p\u00f5hineb mitmel p\u00f5hiprintsiibil, mis tagavad kliendi ja serveri vahelise suhtluse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Kliendi-serveri arhitektuur<\/strong>. Klient ja server peavad olema selgelt eraldatud. Klient vastutab kasutajaliidese ja kasutajaga suhtlemise eest, samal ajal kui server t\u00f6\u00f6tleb p\u00e4ringuid ja haldab andmeid. Selline eraldatus v\u00f5imaldab s\u00fcsteemi m\u00f5lemat osa arendada s\u00f5ltumatult.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Olekutus<\/strong>. Iga kliendi poolt serverile saadetud p\u00e4ring peab sisaldama kogu teavet, mida server vajab selle t\u00f6\u00f6tlemiseks. Server ei salvesta p\u00e4ringute vahel seansi olekut. See tagab t\u00f6\u00f6kindluse ja lihtsustab skaleerimist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u00dchtne liides<\/strong>. API peab olema j\u00e4rjepidev ja etteaimatav. Iga tegevuse \u2014 andmete loomise, lugemise, uuendamise ja kustutamise \u2014 jaoks kasutatakse standardseid HTTP-meetodeid (POST, GET, PUT, DELETE).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Vahem\u00e4llu salvestamine<\/strong>. Serveri vastuseid saab serveri koormuse v\u00e4hendamiseks ja j\u00f5udluse suurendamiseks kliendipoolel vahem\u00e4llu salvestada.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Kihiline arhitektuur<\/strong>. REST eeldab kihilist s\u00fcsteemiarhitektuuri, kus eri kihid saavad t\u00e4ita erinevaid \u00fclesandeid, n\u00e4iteks turbe, koormuse tasakaalustamise v\u00f5i andmet\u00f6\u00f6tlusega seotud \u00fclesandeid.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Mis on Full REST API?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Full REST API<\/strong> on REST API p\u00f5hiprintsiipide laiendus, mis eeldab k\u00f5igi REST-i p\u00f5him\u00f5tete ja standardite ranget j\u00e4rgimist. Kuigi paljud s\u00fcsteemid nimetavad end RESTfuliks, ei rakenda nad REST-i alati t\u00e4ielikult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    RESTful API vs. Full REST API: erinevused<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Paljud s\u00fcsteemid nimetavad oma API-sid RESTfuliks, kuid see ei t\u00e4henda alati, et nad j\u00e4rgivad REST-i p\u00f5him\u00f5tteid t\u00e4ielikult. Siin on RESTful API ja Full REST API peamised erinevused:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. REST-i p\u00f5him\u00f5tete j\u00e4rgimine<\/strong>. Full REST API rakendab k\u00f5iki REST-i p\u00f5him\u00f5tteid, samas kui RESTful API v\u00f5ib neist k\u00f5rvale kalduda, kasutades seansse v\u00f5i rikkudes liidese \u00fchtsust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. HTTP-meetodid<\/strong>. Full REST API puhul j\u00e4rgitakse HTTP-meetodite kasutamise reegleid rangelt. N\u00e4iteks kasutatakse POST-i ainult uute ressursside loomiseks ning PUT-i olemasolevate ressursside uuendamiseks. RESTful API-des v\u00f5idakse seda reeglit rikkuda, n\u00e4iteks kasutada POST-i ressursi uuendamiseks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. P\u00e4ringute s\u00f5ltumatus<\/strong>. Full REST API n\u00f5uab, et iga p\u00e4ring oleks eelmistest t\u00e4ielikult s\u00f5ltumatu. RESTful API-d v\u00f5ivad salvestada serveris seansse v\u00f5i olekut, mis rikub s\u00f5ltumatuse p\u00f5him\u00f5tet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. J\u00e4rjepidev suhtlusstandard<\/strong>. Full REST API tagab etteaimatava ja \u00fchtse liidese, samas kui RESTful API-de rakendused v\u00f5ivad erineda, muutes nende kasutamise keerukamaks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Miks Full REST API?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Full REST API pakub mitmeid eeliseid, mis muudavad selle arendajate seas populaarseks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Skaleeritavus<\/strong>. Kuna iga p\u00e4ring on s\u00f5ltumatu, saab Full REST API-l p\u00f5hinevaid s\u00fcsteeme h\u00f5lpsasti horisontaalselt skaleerida, mis on suure koormusega rakenduste jaoks kriitilise t\u00e4htsusega.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Paindlikkus<\/strong>. Full REST API-d saab kasutada iga HTTP-d toetava kliendiga, n\u00e4iteks veebibrauserite, mobiilirakenduste, IoT-seadmete ja muude serveritega.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Tehnoloogiline s\u00f5ltumatus<\/strong>. Full REST API ei ole seotud konkreetse platvormi ega tehnoloogiaga. Seda saab rakendada mis tahes programmeerimiskeeles, mis muudab selle universaalseks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. J\u00f5udlus<\/strong>. T\u00e4nu p\u00e4ringute vahem\u00e4llu salvestamisele ja olekutusele t\u00f6\u00f6tavad Full REST API-d kasutavad s\u00fcsteemid kiiremini ning vajavad v\u00e4hem ressursse.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Full REST API kasutamise n\u00e4ited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Full REST API on saanud aluseks paljudele suurtele veebiteenustele, nagu Twitter<\/strong>, GitHub<\/strong> ja Google<\/strong>. Need ettev\u00f5tted rakendavad rangeid REST-i standardeid, et tagada \u00fchilduvus eri klientide ja platvormidega ning h\u00f5lbustada oma API-de arendamist ja hooldamist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        REST API arenduse olulised verstapostid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • 1994<\/strong>: kliendi-serveri mudelil p\u00f5hinevate hajuss\u00fcsteemide idee esmane tekkimine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • 1999-2000<\/strong>: Roy Fielding avaldab oma doktoriv\u00e4itekirja, milles s\u00f5nastab REST-i p\u00f5hiprintsiibid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • 2000. aastad<\/strong>: REST API hakkab t\u00e4nu oma lihtsusele ja t\u00f5hususele populaarsust koguma, eriti veebirakenduste kontekstis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • 2010. aastad<\/strong>: REST API-st saab veebiarenduses peamine kliendi-serveri suhtluse meetod. Suured ettev\u00f5tted hakkavad oma teenuste skaleeritavuse parandamiseks kasutusele v\u00f5tma Full REST API-d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          REST API alternatiivid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Kuigi REST API on veebiteenuste loomisel endiselt populaarne standard, on olemas mitu alternatiivset tehnoloogiat, mis pakuvad kliendi-serveri suhtluseks teistsuguseid l\u00e4henemisviise:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. GraphQL<\/strong>. Facebooki arendatud GraphQL pakub paindlikku ja v\u00f5imsat viisi andmetega t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks. Erinevalt REST-ist, kus iga tegevus n\u00f5uab eraldi p\u00e4ringut, v\u00f5imaldab GraphQL kliendil \u00fche p\u00e4ringuga k\u00fcsida ainult vajalikke v\u00e4lju. See v\u00e4hendab p\u00e4ringute arvu ja minimeerib v\u00f5rgukoormust. Kuid oma paindlikkuse t\u00f5ttu n\u00f5uab GraphQL serveris keerukamat taristut ja andmehaldust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. gRPC<\/strong>. gRPC on Google’i arendatud avatud l\u00e4htekoodiga raamistik, mis kasutab HTTP\/2 ja binaarset andmevormingut Protocol Buffers, muutes selle REST-iga v\u00f5rreldes suurema j\u00f5udlusega ja t\u00f5husamaks. gRPC toetab kahesuunalist voogedastust, mis on eriti kasulik mikroteenuste ja suure koormusega s\u00fcsteemide puhul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. OData<\/strong>. OData (Open Data Protocol) on Microsofti arendatud protokoll andmetega t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks. See toetab API tasandil selliseid funktsioone nagu filtreerimine, sortimine, v\u00e4ljade valimine ja andmete koondamine, mis lihtsustab suurte andmekogumitega t\u00f6\u00f6tamist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. JSON-RPC<\/strong>. JSON-RPC on lihtne kaugprotseduurikutse (RPC) protokoll, mis kasutab andmevorminguna JSON-i. Erinevalt REST-ist v\u00f5imaldab JSON-RPC otse serveris funktsioone v\u00e4lja kutsuda, mist\u00f5ttu sobib see paremini m\u00f5ne spetsialiseeritud \u00fclesande jaoks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. SOAP<\/strong>. SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) on vanem, kuid endiselt laialdaselt kasutatav protokoll struktureeritud s\u00f5numite vahetamiseks rakenduste vahel. Seda kasutatakse peamiselt ettev\u00f5ttes\u00fcsteemides, kus tehingute turvalisus ja t\u00f6\u00f6kindlus on olulised, kuid selle keerukus ja mahukus muudavad selle t\u00e4nap\u00e4evaste veebirakenduste jaoks v\u00e4hem populaarseks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Igal neist alternatiividest on oma tugevused ja n\u00f5rkused ning valik nende vahel s\u00f5ltub projekti n\u00f5uetest, s\u00fcsteemi j\u00f5udlusest ja andmete \u00fcle vajaliku kontrolli tasemest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Populaarsed t\u00f6\u00f6riistad REST API testimiseks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            REST API-de testimiseks ja silumiseks on saadaval palju t\u00f6\u00f6riistu, mis lihtsustavad teenustega suhtlemist, p\u00e4ringute kontrollimist ja serveri vastuste anal\u00fc\u00fcsimist. Siin on m\u00f5ned k\u00f5ige populaarsemad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. Postman<\/strong>. \u00dcks enim kasutatud API-de testimise t\u00f6\u00f6riistu. Postman pakub kasutajas\u00f5bralikku graafilist liidest p\u00e4ringute loomiseks, vastuste vaatamiseks ning eri HTTP-meetodite toetamiseks. Postman v\u00f5imaldab ka automatiseeritud testimist ja p\u00e4ringukogumite loomist koost\u00f6\u00f6 tegemiseks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Swagger<\/strong>. Swagger on t\u00f6\u00f6riistakomplekt API-de dokumenteerimiseks, arendamiseks ja testimiseks. Swagger UI v\u00f5imaldab API-sid visualiseerida ja p\u00e4ringuid otse brauseris testida. Seda kasutatakse laialdaselt t\u00e4nu integreeritusele OpenAPI Specificationiga, mis lihtsustab API dokumentatsiooni loomist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Insomnia<\/strong>. V\u00f5imas ja h\u00f5lpsasti kasutatav t\u00f6\u00f6riist REST- ja GraphQL API-de testimiseks. Insomnia toetab automatiseeritud p\u00e4ringuid, keskkondade haldamist ja p\u00e4ringute saatmise t\u00e4iustatud seadistusv\u00f5imalusi, mist\u00f5ttu on see arendajate seas populaarne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. JMeter<\/strong>. JMeter on koormustestimise t\u00f6\u00f6riist, mida saab kasutada ka REST API-de testimiseks. See v\u00f5imaldab simuleerida suuri liiklusmahte, et m\u00f5\u00f5ta serveri j\u00f5udlust koormuse all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            5. SoapUI<\/strong>. SoapUI on t\u00f6\u00f6riist nii SOAP- kui ka REST API-de testimiseks. See toetab funktsionaalset, koormus- ja automatiseeritud testimist ning pakub v\u00f5imsaid integreerimisv\u00f5imalusi teiste s\u00fcsteemidega.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            6. Katalon Studio<\/strong>. See t\u00f6\u00f6riist pakub integreeritud lahendusi veebirakenduste, mobiilirakenduste ja API-de testimiseks. Katalon Studio toetab nii REST- kui ka SOAP API-sid, pakkudes lihtsat viisi testide automatiseerimiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Nende t\u00f6\u00f6riistade kasutamine v\u00f5imaldab arendajatel ja testijatel API-sid kiiresti ning t\u00f5husalt kontrollida, tagades teenuste kvaliteedi ja t\u00f6\u00f6kindluse eri kasutusstsenaariumide korral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              REST API tulevik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              Tehnoloogiate arenedes muutub \u00fcha rohkem API-sid h\u00fcbriidseks. Kuigi REST j\u00e4\u00e4b domineerivaks standardiks, pakuvad uued l\u00e4henemisviisid, nagu GraphQL<\/strong> ja gRPC<\/strong>, alternatiive keerukamate p\u00e4ringute ja suhtluste jaoks. Kuid Full REST API oma t\u00f6\u00f6kindluse, lihtsuse ja universaalsusega m\u00e4ngib veebiarenduse \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemis ka edaspidi olulist rolli.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              REST API ajalugu ja kujunemine REST API ehk Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface tekkis 1990. aastate l\u00f5pus Roy Fieldingi t\u00f6\u00f6 tulemusena. Oma 2000. aasta doktoriv\u00e4itekirjas kirjeldas Fielding REST-i kui hajuss\u00fcsteemide loomiseks m\u00f5eldud arhitektuuristiili. Tema t\u00f6\u00f6 keskendus sellise arhitektuuri loomisele, mis v\u00f5imaldas s\u00fcsteemidel omavahel suhelda lihtsa ja universaalse protokolli \u2014 HTTP \u2014 kaudu. REST saavutas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e4ielik juhend Full REST API kohta: ajalugu, p\u00f5him\u00f5tted ja erinevused<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"REST API ehk Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface tekkis 1990. aastate l\u00f5pus Roy Fieldingi t\u00f6\u00f6 tulemusena.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/asgru.com\/et\/taielik-juhend-full-rest-api-kohta-ajalugu-pohimotted-ja-erinevused\/\" \/>\n<meta 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